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A Victorian Edifice in Budapest: Chain Bridge
Apr 13, 2024
Built1849
ArchitectsWilliam Tierney Clark
Architectural StyleItalian Neo-Renaissance

Széchenyi Chain Bridge (1839–49) was the first permanent bridge in the Hungarian section of the Danube. It bound two towns on the riverbanks, Pest and Buda (Budapest was born with the amalgamation of Óbuda, Buda and Pest later, in 1873). Surprisingly, it was a British Victorian creation. The initiator of construction was the popular Hungarian aristocrat, Count István Széchenyi who found a designer in Britain. His name was William Tierney Clark who had a significant role in leading the process of construction too. However, there was also another leader of the construction, namely Adam Clark, but they were only namesakes: the previous one was English the latter one was Scottish. Furthermore, 62 skilled British labourers worked there for the 10 years of construction. Adam Clark did not move back to Scotland after the works, but married a Hungarian woman. Everyone, including the noblemen had to pay a toll if they wanted to cross the bridge. It was arranged by Count Széchenyi in the Diet Parliament already before construction. It was an important reform in feudalist Hungary towards the equality of rights. It was the first Italian Neo-Renaissance-style building in Hungary. This style became fashionable in this country only a bit later, from the 1860s. Nevertheless, the period of Italian Neo-Renaissance started in Clark’s Britain around 1837, which was the reason for its early emergence in Hungary. Its two triumphal arches are about half the height of the neighbouring Buda Castle Hill so the bridge fits into its surroundings. The triumphal arch motif was followed in the designs of some other bridges in Budapest later. Although it partly exploded in World War II, it was rebuilt. This bridge and a bridge in Marlow (England) are the only creations by W. T. Clark, that have remained up to date. Finally, a wrong legend: the guardian lions had no tongues, so their sculptor, János Marschalkó was humiliated at the unveiling ceremony, thus he dove into the Danube and died. In fact, the sculptor died much later (in 1877), and no scandal happened at the inauguration ceremony. Moreover, the lions have tongues, but we can not see them from the pavement level; they can only be seen from a higher position.

 

architectural historian, tour guide


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